Viruses with positive-sense single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genomes are responsible for different diseases and represent a global health problem. In addition to developing new vaccines that protect against severe illness on infection, it is imperative to identify new antiviral molecules to treat infected patients. The genome of these RNA viruses generally codes for an enzyme […]

Bacterial attachment to host surfaces is the first and critical step in colonization, biofilm formation, and infection. Bacterial ability to attach to biotic and abiotic surfaces is also the primary concern for many medical and food industries. Bacteria often assemble hair-like decorative proteinaceous appendages called pili or fimbriae on their surface to facilitate initial interaction […]

The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs.  Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment […]

Adult stem cells (ASCs) with self-renewal and differentiation abilities are present in various organs in the body. Where these ASCs are actively involved in tissue maintenance during homeostasis, injury, as well as infection. The ASCs function requires precise regulation of proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Any irregularities in these processes can inhibit tissue recovery or […]

Obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens establish long-term feeding relationships with their plant host, during which they siphon sugars from host cells through haustoria. The Arabidopsis hexose transporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13), was previously shown to confer resistance against hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens by limiting sugar flux towards these pathogens. By contrast, expression of Lr67res, a […]